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Many people, for instance, believe that morality is a deliverance of
God, and that without God there is no morality—that in a secular world
“everything is permitted.” You can hear this on Fox News; it is behind
the drive to have the Ten Commandments displayed in courtrooms. But
philosophers like Kitcher remember what Socrates tells Euthyphro, who
supposed that the good could be defined by what the gods had willed: if
what the gods will is based on some other criterion of goodness, divine
will isn’t what makes something good; but if goodness is simply
determined by divine will there’s no way for us to assess that judgment.
In other words, if you believe that God ordains morality—constitutes it
through his will—you still have to decide where God gets morality from.
If you are inclined to reply, “Well, God is goodness; He invents
it,” you threaten to turn morality into God’s plaything, and you
deprive yourself of any capacity to judge that morality.
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